The Internet of Things should include sensor networks, while ubiquitous networks include the Internet of Things. Sensor networks mainly use short-range wireless communication technology to achieve communication between objects, and are a type of end network for data information collection in the Internet of Things. In addition to sensor networks, the Internet of Things usually includes office networks, ad hoc networks, electronic tag networksMtoM（MachineToMachine）Wait. The access network that transmits the information collected by the sensor network and the Internet of Things to the backbone network can be either a wireless network or a wired network, either the Internet, or a communication network, transportation network, or radio and television network. Therefore, the current understanding that the Internet of Things is equal to sensor networks plus the Internet seems to generalize. The Internet of Things itself is designed for specific management objects“Limited network”The purpose is to achieve intelligent control of management objects, which is an important component of ubiquitous networks. The Internet of Things is an important step towards achieving ubiquitous networking and a new stage in the development of global informatization, realizing the upgrade from informatization to intelligence. Ubiquitous networks integrate existing networks into one through seamless communication, enabling connections and exchanges between people, people and objects, and objects at any time and any place. Therefore, the analysis and research on the Internet of Things should neither be equated with ubiquitous networks nor separated from them. We call it“Ubiquitous and Internet of Things”.

The essential feature of ubiquitous and IoT: intelligence=Situational awareness+seamless connection+Although knowledge aggregation has different understandings of the Internet of Things, there is a consensus on its goal of achieving intelligent management and control of target objects. In order to achieve intelligence, ubiquitous and IoT must have three basic characteristics:“Situational awareness”、“seamless connection”and“Knowledge aggregation”By using end networks such as wireless sensor networks and ad hoc networks, manage the attribute information of objects（IDAccurately collect information such as coding, human characteristics, individual condition information (body temperature, blood pressure, location, etc.), and environmental information (temperature, humidity, rainfall, pressure, acceleration, vibration, etc.), and transmit them to the backbone network for real-time analysis and processing through the access network. Then, provide the processing results as intelligent services to users. For this reason, different networks, devices, and services must maintain high connectivity at any time, any place, and for anyone. The process of analyzing and processing perceptual data to provide personalized and intelligent services to customers is essentially a process of knowledge aggregation.

The essence of intelligence should be foolproof: integrating into daily life and crossing the digital divide. However, it must be emphasized that intelligence does not mean being unattainable or unfathomable. Its essence should be foolproof. The ultimate goal of ubiquitous and IoT should be foolproof services, and user terminals or environments will become increasingly humanized and simple. A highly intelligent service system will fade out of the sight of ordinary people as a background environment, allowing ubiquitous and IoT to enter daily work and life without deliberately changing habits and enjoying the convenience brought by ubiquitous networks. At present, Japan and South Korea are reflecting on their respective development strategies precisely in this regard. Only by meeting the needs of consumers and crossing the digital divide can we promote the industrialization process of ubiquitous and IoT in our country.

　　2010China in the Year: Ubiquitous and IoT Year 12010The year is destined to be an unusual one. As an important pillar of China's information technology strategy, the development strategy of ubiquitous and Internet of Things is highly likely to be incorporated into the national plan“the 12th Five-Year Plan”Development plans and demonstration projects related to the Internet of Things will be widely launched nationwide,2010This year will become an important milestone in China's information technology strategy and social transformation. However, unlike countries in Europe, America, and Japan that already have a good foundation in information technology infrastructure, technological systems, application experience, and institutional construction, China's ubiquitous and IoT will inevitably choose a development path centered on leading international standard setting, with infrastructure construction, core technology research and development, related platform construction, and application service demonstration carried out simultaneously.

Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to the leading and guiding role of the government in the early stage. If limited resources and technological advantages cannot be concentrated, it may fall into a passive situation of redundant construction and homogeneous competition. Especially, as the relevant market is still in its infancy, it is difficult to sustain solely relying on the power of the private sector and research institutions. How to establish an internationally open research and development system for industry, academia, government, and research will be of paramount importance.

Additionally, in relation to the United States“Smart Earth”Japan'se-JapanTheu-JapanIn contrast, China's ubiquitous and IoT strategies may present significant differences in development goals, priority areas, and specific implementation paths. What Europe, America, and Japan are facing is the already favorable situationICTHow to further improve its intelligence level and expand it from existing local fields to all aspects of society, while effectively ensuring the commercialization efficiency of experimental results. At present, the core of China's development will still revolve around“Integration of Two Industries”Further deepening and expanding the strategy, while seeking breakthroughs in certain areas such as infrastructure, industry applications, and public utilities. It can be inferred from this that in“the 12th Five-Year Plan”In the first half of the period, the country will increase efforts in the construction of network infrastructure, the formulation of relevant technical standards, the promotion of demonstration projects, and the construction of related supporting systems. In terms of industry applications, it is applied in smart grids and industrial automation; Public domains include public safety, intelligent communities, intelligent transportation, and environmental monitoring; Breakthroughs are expected in areas such as child safety protection, food safety, and medical services in daily life. The initiation of large-scale commercial projects and the explosive growth of related industries should at least take place within2015Years later.

　　“Petal shaped”According to the currently recognized three-layer network structure of ubiquitous and IoT, including the network layer, platform layer, and application layer, the formation of industrial form and three-dimensional industrial chain structure, the ubiquitous and IoT industries will be presented at three levels respectively“Three Combinations”Trend, i.e“Ubiquitous network convergence”、“Platform resource integration”and“Application knowledge aggregation”And this“Three Combinations”The trend depicts a future development prospect for the integration of industries centered around ubiquitous and the Internet of Things. With the penetration of ubiquitous and Internet of Things into various aspects of China's industrial structure transformation, lifestyle transformation, regional development transformation and other social changes, taking ubiquitous and Internet of Things as the flower bud, and transportation, environment, education, healthcare, energy, home appliances, finance and other application fields as the petals“Petal shaped”The industrial form is expected to take shape. This will undoubtedly have a profound impact on the overall social development of China in the future. This is one of the important reasons why we believe that the scale and social influence of ubiquitous and Internet of Things industries will far exceed that of the Internet. The corresponding ubiquitous and IoT industry chain presents more three-dimensional, diversified, and complex characteristics. Its longitudinal structure can be divided into7At each level, namely the network layer, terminal layer, platform layer, computing and software layer, content layer, device layer, and service layer. According to our analysis and research, the development of ubiquitous and IoT typically begins with the construction of network infrastructure, gradually stacking various layers of functions including terminal services, platform services, computing and software services, content services, device provision, and application services. this7Although the development of each level is not strictly in a bottom-up order, at least the development status of the lower level elements will directly constrain the development of the upper level. For example, without a good network infrastructure, it is difficult to achieve the popularization of terminals; Without the widespread use of terminals, it is difficult to form an effective digital platform; Without effective digital platforms, it is difficult to promote the development of digital content, and the development of microelectronic devices will also be limited. If the six layer foundation mentioned above cannot be consolidated, large-scale applications will also face challenges. Therefore, with the rapid development of ubiquitous and IoT industries, a large number of new forms of enterprises and business models may emerge. Market participants who focus on different links of the industry chain, such as network operators, terminal manufacturers, platform service providers, computing and software service providers, digital content providers, microelectronic equipment manufacturers, system integrators, and application service operators, will gradually grow. This is both a good opportunity and a huge challenge for current operators, component terminal manufacturers, and system integrators.

For local governments, it is necessary to achieve“Three have”Powerful entry into the industrial chain, orderly commercialization, and effective platform guarantee. Each region must make choices and focus on existing onesThe industrial chain links with high integration and added value should be targeted to promote ubiquitous and IoT technologies, standards, systems, application services, and other work that are in line with regional development. The ubiquitous and IoT industry certainly requires new technological breakthroughs and investment in network infrastructure, but the key factor determining the success or failure of its industrial development is how to effectively construct business models tailored to local conditions.